With mounting concern about the new coronavirus
(2019-nCoV) from China, many people are trying to figure out the best ways to
protect themselves and their loved ones from infection. Two big questions many
people have are: Will wearing a face mask keep us safe? And if so, what kind?
The most important thing to understand is that
researchers are still trying to work out the ways that this new coronavirus is
transmitted. In the meantime, the best advice based on CDC recommendations is
to:
1.
Wash your hands thoroughly regularly
throughout the day
2.
Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth
with unwashed hands.
3.
Avoid contact with people who are sick.
This advice will help protect you from a whole host of
infections, including 2019-CoV.
Face masks can play a role in preventing the infection,
but that role is limited in real world situations. There is some evidence
that wearing a face mask can protect you from transmitting the virus from your
hands to your mouth, probably because you are paying more attention to NOT
touching your face when you’re wearing it. You also have some protection from
“splash” droplets if an infected person sneezes or coughs around you.
The biggest concern that doctors have around recommending
masks is the false sense of security that might come along with wearing one.
There are a lot of reasons why face masks are not ideal. For example, it’s
really hard to find one that fits perfectly around your nose and mouth or to
keep it on for a long period of time. The minute you scratch your nose or touch
your mouth behind the mask, you’ve lost the protection that the mask is
supposed to offer.
In medical settings, there are very
specific guidelines about when to use masks and what kind of protection to wear
depending on the type of infection patients have.
Droplet precautions: Use
a rectangular surgical face mask for an infection that spreads by large
droplets when someone coughs, sneezes, or talks. Infections like flu, whooping
cough, and certain types of bacterial meningitis fall into this category. Both
the person who is infected and the people caring for them should wear a
face mask. It is really important that caregivers dispose of the mask after
every interaction and use a new one any time they are in close confines with an
infected person.
Airborne precautions: Some lung or throat infections spread when small
viral or bacterial particles stay suspended in the air and are breathed in by
others. 2019-CoV, measles, SARS, chickenpox and tuberculosis are a part of this
category. In these cases, the infected person should wear a face mask. And all
people coming into close contact should wear an N95 respirator, masks with
a special air filter designed to protect from tiny airborne particles. These
masks fit to a person’s face and are usually rounded in shape.
While researchers continue to learn more about how this
new coronavirus spreads, the recommendations around masks focus on people who
have the infection or are highly likely to be exposed. People who have the
infection or are at high risk for being exposed should wear a surgical face
mask. Anyone caring for someone infected in a medical setting should wear a
respirator mask as part of airborne precautions.
For the rest of us, the best protection -- hand washing,
avoiding sick people, and not touching our face with unwashed hands -- also
helps prevent colds and the flu. If you choose to wear a surgical mask, make
sure you have the best fit possible around your mouth and nose. Properly
dispose of the mask and put on a new one anytime someone coughing or sneezing
around you contaminates it. It is also incredibly important to share your
travel history with your doctors and reach out for early medical help if you
have a fever, cough, trouble breathing.
WebMD Blog
©
2020 WebMD, LLC. All rights reserved.
NEHA PATHAK, MD, MD, is a
board-certified internal medicine doctor and part of WebMD's team of medical
editors responsible for ensuring the accuracy of health information on the
site. Before joining WebMD, Pathak worked as a primary care physician at the
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