In this week’s
column, Phil Moeller, the author of Get What’s Yours for Medicare: Maximize Your Coverage, Minimize Your
Costs and co-author of the updated edition of How to Get What’s Yours: The Revised
Secrets to Maxing Out Your Social Security, answers a few
questions about divorce and Social Security benefits.
Got a question of
your own about Medicare or Social Security?
Send it to askphil@considerable.com.
My ex-husband makes a
lot more than I do. Should I claim his Social Security? And if I do, what
happens to my own?
Question: Hi! I wanted to ask a
couple of questions if I may.
I was married when I
was 21 and have been divorced since 1999. He remarried; I did not. I am now 61,
but I know that at 62 I can retire and begin collecting Social Security.
My first question is
whether I should claim his Social Security or my own? I make $15,000 a year. He
makes much, much more! So, if I want to pull from his, can I do this at 62 or
65, or any age over 62? I also get alimony until I die or remarry — and I’m not
planning on doing either!
I’ve worked 35 years
and would hate to see all that work means nothing in terms of my Social
Security.
I’ll get his Social
Security and alimony, and I also have been notified that I am due a share of
his pension. So, those are three things I can have as income for the rest of my
life. Is that correct?
Also, if I claim his
Social Security, what happens to my own? I’ve worked 35 years and would hate to
see all that work means nothing in terms of my Social Security.
Thanks for any
information.
Diana
Diana
Answer: Responding to
Diana’s very sensible question involves some complicated Social Security rules.
It’s one of the reasons we decided to write an entire book
about Social Security in 2015. We updated the book
in 2016 and it’s still accurate. However, the program is running growing
deficits and I look forward to Congress finally approving long-overdue
improvements. (And to us getting to do a new edition of the book!)
Diana’s right to an
ex-spousal benefit based on the earnings of her former husband will have no
impact on his Social Security benefits.
First, some basics.
Diana’s right to an ex-spousal benefit based on the earnings of her former
husband will have no
impact on his Social Security benefits. A lot of people think that
one spouse or another will get shafted if their ex- files such a claim, but the
two benefit entitlements are not affected.
They are related,
however, meaning that the amount of Diana’s ex-spousal benefit is tied to his
earnings.
Another common
misperception here is that her benefit will be affected by when he files for
his own Social Security. Nope. Whether he files at age 62 or all the way up to
age 70 will have no impact on her benefit. Her benefit is tied to the benefit
he would have received had he filed at what’s called his full retirement
age (FRA), which is now between 66 and 67, depending on when he was
born.
In fact, in this
situation he doesn’t need
to have even filed at all! Now, if they were
still married, he would have had to file for his own benefit in
order for Diana to file for a spousal benefit. But since they’ve
been divorced, and assuming he is at least 62, she can file for an
ex-spousal benefit as soon as she turns 62.
Since they’ve been
divorced, and assuming he is at least 62, Diana can file for an ex-spousal
benefit as soon as she turns 62.
Whether she should
file that early or not is another question. Spousal and ex-spousal benefits
reach their maximum amount if a person waits until their own FRA to file for
them. In Diana’s case, the key question is how much this benefit would be at
different filing ages, and how it compares with what her own retirement benefit
would be.
Retirement benefits
don’t reach their maximum unless a person waits to file until they turn 70.
Unfortunately, under changes to Social Security rules that took effect in 2016,
Diana can’t file for one of these benefits and defer the second benefit so it
can grow. When she files for either benefit, she will automatically trigger
filing for the second benefit at the same time. (Social Security calls this
“deeming.”)
Although her
ex-husband earned a lot more than she did, it’s not clear to me that Diana’s
ex-spousal benefit will be the larger of the two. Ex-spousal benefits are never
more than half of the other spouse’s entitlement at their FRA. Retirement
benefits are 100 percent of a person’s entitlement.
Social Security
benefits are designed to be “progressive,” meaning that lower-income people get
sharply higher percentages of their wage income paid out as Social Security
benefits than do higher earners.
The only way for
Diana to know which benefit is more attractive is to do the math. Start with
our Social Security
benefits calculator. She can find her own retirement benefits by
opening an online My Social
Security account. She should be able to get an idea of her
ex-spousal benefits by calling Social Security or visiting her local Social
Security office. She will need her a copy of her legal marriage and divorce
documents. Having her former husband’s Social Security number would have it
easier to identify his earnings’ record.
When she does file,
she will get the greater of the two benefits — not both of them. So, if her
ex-spousal benefit is the most attractive option, then her own work earnings
will not entitle her to an extra penny in benefits.
I can’t comment on
either Diana’s alimony agreement or on her right to part of her ex-husband’s
pension, as those are spelled out in documents I’ve not seen.
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