Apart from felling
scores of cancer patients, the virus has upended cancer diagnosis, treatment
and research.
Feb. 12, 2021,
5:15 PM CST By Dr.
Jalal Baig, oncologist
Recently, a patient of mine came to clinic with a new cough
and shortness of breath. Though I was already treating him for stage 4 colon
cancer that had studded his lungs, his acute symptoms made me even more
concerned about Covid-19. Tragically, he died the next day as the coronavirus easily
overpowered an immune system neutered by cancer and chemotherapy.
Apart from felling scores
of cancer patients, the virus has upended cancer diagnosis, treatment and
research.
Almost one year into the pandemic, many of the fears
harbored by oncologists like me have been fully realized in clinical practice.
Apart from felling scores of cancer patients, the virus has upended cancer
diagnosis, treatment and research. Covid-19 attacks the lungs, of course, but
it also disrupts other organs — and really, entire health systems. By now, Covid has been linked
to heart disease, diabetes, stroke, low blood cell counts and psychiatric conditions.
Cancer patients possess little resistance against Covid-19.
The older you get, the higher your cancer risk. But advanced age
is also a risk factor for coronavirus. Metabolic disorders associated with
cancer, like obesity, high blood pressure and diabetes, add further
vulnerability.
A study in the JCO Global Oncology journal examined how patients diagnosed with
Covid-19 during the early portion of the pandemic fared in Asia, Europe and the
United States. It showed that patients with cancer had worse outcomes (greater
need for ICU admission and higher mortality) than those without cancer.JAN.
28, 202102:25
Based on data from the United Kingdom, an analysis published in Nature found
that a Covid-19 infection within the first year of a cancer diagnosis was
especially lethal. Compared to those without cancer, patients with a solid
organ cancer (e.g., breast, lung and colon) had 1.8 times the risk of death,
while those with a blood cancer had a fourfold greater risk.
And unfortunately, the results of a recent University of
Pennsylvania study show that even those whose cancer is in remission and who
are not currently requiring any therapy remain prone to severe Covid-19
infections.
As Nathan Berger, a professor and oncologist at Case Western
Reserve School of Medicine recently told STAT News: “The combination
of the virus and cancer is synergistic and leading to mortality. The death
rates are much higher than they are for either of the diseases alone.”
Yet even those cancer patients who avoided direct infection
could not entirely escape the coronavirus’ seismic effect on health care systems. As health
care resources were reallocated to the pandemic response, staple
treatments such as elective cancer surgery and radiation were
deferred, while systemic therapies like chemotherapy were delayed.
In cancer, time is exceedingly precious. A study in the
British Medical Journal found that even a four-week delay in
cancer treatments caused an uptick in mortality for seven different cancers,
including breast, lung and colon.
Routine screenings for cancers of the breast, cervix and
colon also nosedived during the pandemic due to
insurance issues or fears of contracting Covid-19 from health care facilities.
Last year, these screenings were down more than 90 percent when compared to
previous years.
The full impact of these
missed or delayed colonoscopies and mammograms hasn’t registered yet.
Though the full impact of these missed or delayed
colonoscopies and mammograms hasn’t registered yet, it is possible — likely,
even‚ that many preventable or early stage cancers were simply missed. As
William Cance, chief medical and scientific officer of the American Cancer
Society, grimly told The Wall Street Journal, “We
undoubtedly will have delays in diagnoses, and more advanced cancers.”
Research trials that blaze new trails and possibilities for
cancer treatment have also been scuppered by lockdowns and
dwindling recruitment. Given that cancer remains the second-leading cause of death in America
and is only expected to increase due to rising life expectancy
and exposure to risk factors, the new drugs and therapies unearthed through
trials are critical.
Oncologists like myself feel the weight of Covid-19’s daily
interference in our patients’ cancer care. Any unexplained fever, cough or
vague symptom in a patient now compounds concerns and adds an additional layer
of paranoia, risk and complexity. Unsurprisingly, oncologists have reported a surge in their personal
anxiety and depression during the pandemic.
Though the ongoing vaccine rollout offers hope, it is
fraught with uncertainty. Like so many gray areas surrounding Covid, it is unknown whether an immuncompromised
cancer patient can mount a sufficient immune response to vaccination. But even
a diminished benefit from the vaccine will add some armor against the virus’
spike protein.
From diagnosis and beyond, the fate of many cancer patients
is now tied closely to the contagion’s trajectory.
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