By MELISSA RAYWORTH January 21, 2020
For many
of us, January is all about giving things up: Maybe we’re going to stop eating
meat and embrace a plant-based diet. Or we’re ready to kick excess sugar to the
curb after a holiday season awash in sweets. Or we’re committed to avoiding
fast food.
Starting
the year with noble goals for eating well is a modern rite of passage. But it’s
just as common to ditch those grand plans within a few weeks.
This
year, how can we do it right? If we’re pledging to make better food choices,
which strategies can help us stick with them?
START
SMALL
The
consensus among experts is clear: It’s tempting to begin with dramatic
gestures, but the key to lasting change is setting goals that are small enough
we won’t scrap them by Valentine’s Day.
Manageable,
measurable goals can create long-term change, says Leila Azarbad, associate
professor of psychology at North Central College in Naperville, Illinois. When
people set lofty goals, they can get discouraged after a couple weeks.
“Our
self-efficacy, that belief in our own ability, tanks,’’ she says. ``And that’s
a huge predictor: If you don’t feel confident in your ability to make the
change, you’re going to discontinue trying.”
Picture
this, says Dana White, a sports dietitian and clinical associate professor at
Quinnipiac University: You want to lose 20 pounds and you know that every
afternoon you visit the office vending machine for a snack to boost your
energy. So, begin packing a healthy afternoon snack — not something punitive,
but something healthier that you’ll enjoy — and have that instead of a vending
machine candy bar.
It’s a
measurable, specific change that won’t be unpleasant. And if it eliminates 200
calories, that shift will make a difference over the coming weeks and months.
Once that new behavior is in place, you can add another small but meaningful
change.
The
same thinking works if you’re eliminating animal products: Rather than going
cold turkey (cold tofu?), begin by replacing one dinner per week with a
vegetarian meal. Plan it for a night when you won’t be rushed and can make an
appealing recipe, or budget for going out once a week to a vegetarian
restaurant.
Then
track that change for three weeks, says Anna Baker, assistant professor of
psychology at Bucknell University, who researches the connection between behavioral
factors such as self-management and health outcomes.
“You
hear that it takes 21 days to create habit. There’s debate about whether it’s
21 exactly, but you need a certain amount of time of continuing to do something
before it becomes a habit,” Baker says. “Once you do kind of get used to that
change and you’re doing it regularly, then you can add in another thing.”
If you
make that one good shift for three weeks, congratulate yourself. Then maintain
that behavior and add another small change, like drinking more water.
It’s
tempting to try making a half-dozen changes all at once, White says. But by
focusing on individual, small, unhealthy behaviors and “really identifying what
the triggers are that lead to those behaviors,” she says, people “can have a
tremendous amount of success without torturing themselves.”
BE
PATIENT
If your
goal is to lose 20 pounds, for example, it really will take four or five months
— and it should, says Alex Montoye, assistant professor of clinical exercise
physiology at Alma College in Alma, Michigan.
Losing
a pound a week is “really the maximum sustainable weight loss,” Montoye says.
Much as it surprises people, “2 pounds a week is pretty extreme.”
So aim
to lose 5 pounds over the next six weeks through small behavioral shifts, and
measure your behavior along the way. Apps and fitness trackers can help, as can
a notebook where you list what you’ve eaten.
Researchers
have found “that we are notoriously bad at estimating how many calories we’re
taking in,” Azarbad says. “We tend to underestimate what we’re eating, because
we forget. When we’re cooking, we taste the pasta sauce a few times and those
are calories. Or we walk past our colleague’s desk and they had a jar of
M&M’s and we took a few, but those add up. That can be the difference
between you losing a pound a week and you not.”
DON’T
BE TOO HARD ON YOURSELF
Accept
that mistakes are a normal part of building a new habit. If you know an event
is coming up where you’ll want to divert from your eating goals, accept that
you may slip a bit then.
Aim for
“consistency, not perfection,” says Baker. “You have to plan in advance that
you’re going to screw up. We’re not perfect.”
ENLIST
FRIENDS
Lastly,
“tell everybody you know that you’re doing this because social support is
huge,” Azarbad says.
“If
you’re going out to eat and they know you’re trying to change your diet, they
can help choose a restaurant that will accommodate you,” she says.
And the
need to save face may keep you on track.
“Once
you put it out there on social media and you tell everybody that ‘I’m going to
do this. I’m going to lose 10 pounds by spring break,‘’’ you feel that people
are watching, Azarbad says. “We don’t want other people to see us fail.”
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