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New from
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Anemia among Pregnant Women Participating in the
Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children
(WIC) — United States, 2008–2018
Anemia during pregnancy
increases risk for maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. This study
assessed anemia prevalence among pregnant women enrolled in WIC from 2008
to 2018.
Pre-pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes and
Cessation of Breastfeeding <1 Week Postpartum — United States, 2016-2018
Diabetes may delay milk
letdown, and perceiving milk production as insufficient can lead to
breastfeeding cessation. This study evaluated whether pre-pregnancy or
gestational diabetes only is associated with breastfeeding less than 1 week
postpartum among women who had initiated breastfeeding. The study analyzed
data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, a
population-based survey of women with a recent live birth.
Influenza Vaccination among Pregnant Women:
Self-report Compared With Vaccination Data From Electronic Health Records,
2018-2020 Influenza Seasons
Having accurate influenza
vaccination coverage estimates can guide public health activities. The
objectives of this study were to (1) validate the accuracy of electronic
health record (EHR)–based influenza vaccination data among pregnant women
compared with survey self-report and (2) assess whether survey respondents
differed from survey non-respondents by demographic characteristics and
EHR-based vaccination status.
Risk of Birth Defects by Pre-gestational Type 1
or Type 2 Diabetes: National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2011
Previous studies found
consistent associations between pre-gestational diabetes and birth defects.
Given the different biological mechanisms for type 1 and type 2 diabetes,
this study used National Birth Defects Prevention Study data to estimate
associations by diabetes type.
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Incident
Hypertension in Multi-Racial/Ethnic Women: The Study of Women's Health
Across the Nation
Perfluoroalkyl and
polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous synthetic chemicals that
may disrupt blood pressure controls; however, human evidence to support
this hypothesis is scant. This study examined the association between serum
concentrations of PFAS and risks of developing hypertension among 1,058
midlife women initially free of hypertension.
Medicaid Expansion and Contraceptive Use among
Female High-School Students
Access to effective
contraception prevents unintended pregnancies among sexually active female
youth. These analyses, conducted in 2021, assessed state-level Youth Risk
Behavior Survey data among female students in grades 9–12 who reported
being sexually active. Measured outcomes included self-reported use of
moderately effective or highly effective, long-acting reversible
contraception at last sex. States that expanded Medicaid were compared with
other states in 2013 (baseline) and 2019 (after expansion).
Early-pregnancy Plasma Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl
Substance (PFAS) Concentrations and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in
the Project Viva Cohort
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl
substances (PFAS) are associated with adverse cardiometabolic outcomes
during pregnancy, but associations between PFAS and hypertensive disorders
of pregnancy are inconsistent and joint effects of PFAS mixtures have not
been evaluated. The objective of this study was to quantify the
associations of plasma concentrations of individual PFAS and PFAS mixtures
in early pregnancy with gestational hypertension and preeclampsia, as well
as average blood pressure in the second and third trimesters, in a large
prospective pregnancy cohort.
Iron Status and Inflammation in Women of
Reproductive Age: A Population-based Biomarker Survey and Clinical Study
Women of reproductive age (WRA)
are at increased risk for anemia and iron deficiency. However, there is
limited population-level data in India, which could help inform
evidence-based recommendations and policy. The purpose of this study was to
conduct a population-based biomarker survey of anemia, iron deficiency, and
inflammation in WRA in Southern India.
A Cluster Randomized Trial of Delivery of
Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria in Pregnancy at the Community
Level in Malawi
Malaria in pregnancy doubles
the risk of low birthweight. To prevent this and other adverse health
consequences, the World Health Organization recommends administering
intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) with
sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for all pregnant women at each antenatal care
(ANC) visit. A cluster randomized, controlled trial was conducted to assess
the effect of delivery of IPTp by community health workers on the coverage
of at least 3 doses of IPTp and ANC visits in Malawi.
COVID-19
Impact on Women
Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes Associated with
SARS-CoV-2 Infection During Pregnancy, Florida, 2020–2021: A Retrospective
Cohort Study
The objective of this study was
to estimate risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy, preterm birth,
maternal or neonatal admission to an intensive care unit, perinatal or
fetal death, and maternal death. The study used a population-based,
retrospective cohort of all pregnancies with a live birth or fetal death in
Florida from March 1, 2020 to April 30, 2021.
COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage and Intent among
Women Aged 18-49 Years by Pregnancy Status, United States, April-November
2021
Pregnant and postpartum women are at increased risk for severe
illness from COVID-19. This study assessed COVID-19 vaccination coverage,
intent, and attitudes among women of reproductive age overall and by
pregnancy status in the United States using data from the National Immunization
Survey Adult COVID Module.
COVID-19 Severity among Women of Reproductive Age
with Symptomatic Laboratory-Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 by Pregnancy Status - United
States, Jan 1, 2020 - Dec 25, 2021
Information on the severity of COVID-19 attributable to the
Delta variant in the United States among pregnant people is limited. This
study assessed the risk for severe COVID-19 by pregnancy status in the
period of Delta variant predominance compared with the pre-Delta period.
Protocol for a Sequential, Prospective
Meta-analysis to Describe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the
Pregnancy and Postpartum Periods
While many national registries, health facilities, and research
groups are collecting data regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant and
postpartum women and its effect on their newborns, there is a need for a
collaborative and methodologically rigorous approach to better combine
these data and address knowledge gaps, especially those related to rare
outcomes. The authors propose that using a sequential, prospective
meta-analysis (PMA) is the best approach to generate data for policy- and
practice-oriented guidelines.
COVID-19 Vaccination and Intent among Pregnant
Women, United States, April 2021
This study assessed COVID-19 vaccination coverage and intent,
factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination, reasons for non-vaccination,
and knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs related to COVID-19 illness and
vaccination among pregnant women in the United States.
Evaluation of Acute Adverse Events after COVID-19
Vaccination during Pregnancy
Pregnant women with symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19) have a higher risk of adverse outcomes than do women who are not
pregnant, yet the concern of many women regarding safety remains a barrier
to maternal vaccination. This letter to the editor describes a study that
included a retrospective, observational, matched-cohort study involving
pregnant women between the ages of 16 and 49 years at eight Vaccine Safety
Datalink sites from December 15, 2020 through July 1, 2021. The study
evaluated the incidences of 25 medically attended acute adverse events
among the vaccinated women as compared with the unvaccinated matched
controls.
Maternal Vaccination and Risk of Hospitalization
for Covid-19 among Infants
Infants younger than 6 months of age are at high risk for
complications of COVID-19 and are not eligible for vaccination.
Transplacental transfer of antibodies against severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) after maternal COVID-19 vaccination may
confer protection against COVID-19 in infants. This study used a
case-control test-negative design to assess the effectiveness of maternal
vaccination during pregnancy against hospitalization for COVID-19 among
infants younger than 6 months of age.
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