By American
Heart Association News May 2, 2019
Getting a good night's sleep can be difficult for many, but
restful slumber can be especially hard for stroke survivors. And although
various studies have examined the association, doctors continue to overlook the
interplay between sleep disorders and stroke, finds a new report on the issue.
More than 50% of stroke survivors are estimated to have some
type of sleep problem, yet few get formally tested, in part because of
"the lack of awareness" among stroke providers, according to
the review
published Thursday in the American Heart Association
journal Stroke.
In addition to increasing stroke risk, sleep disturbances
may worsen after a stroke, the report said. So, remedies to reduce sleep
impairments could help prevent a first or subsequent stroke.
Sleep apnea is a condition in which breathing is repeatedly
stopped and restarted because of changes in airflow. The report said more than
70% of stroke survivors have a specific condition known as obstructive sleep
apnea, in which the tongue or other obstruction blocks airway in the throat.
This can cause a person to snore or to stop breathing
entirely for several seconds before gasping for air, disrupting sleep in the
process. One study cited in the new report found people with obstructive sleep
apnea had a nearly twofold increase in stroke or death.
People with severe cases of obstructive sleep apnea may find
their sleep interrupted more than 30 times per hour, said Dr. Sandeep Khot, the
report's senior author and an associate professor of neurology at the
University of Washington School of Medicine in Seattle.
"You end up with what we call fragmented sleep. Your
sleep is fitful because you never really get into slow-wave sleep or REM sleep,
the deeper types of sleep that are associated with feeling refreshed the next
day. This may affect your recovery from stroke, along with the physiologic
changes that happen with your body, especially blood pressure changes,"
Khot said.
It can particularly lead to high blood pressure, or
hypertension. That may be a reason why some doctors miss the connection between
sleep disorders and stroke, said epidemiologist Donna Arnett, dean of the
University of Kentucky College of Public Health.
High blood pressure is the strongest risk factor for stroke,
but another big contributor is obesity, and both are strongly associated with
sleep apnea, she said.
"Most clinicians caring for stroke patients have
probably thought that it's the hypertension and the obesity that are the causal
factors for stroke and they may have missed the association with sleep
apnea," said Arnett, who was not involved in the review.
Continuous positive airway pressure, or CPAP, has been
deemed "the gold standard of treatment" for obstructive sleep apnea.
But many people consider CPAP treatment, which involves wearing a mask during
sleep, challenging and don't always use it.
While there are other treatments available for sleep apnea,
Khot said CPAP is the primary one for stroke survivors. "We really have to
have an open mind on who may and may not tolerate the treatment."
Khot said a large study, called Sleep SMART, is currently
recruiting patients and will examine the impact of CPAP treatment for people
who have either had a stroke or a high-risk TIA, a transient ischemic attack
often called a mini-stroke. The study will look at the treatment's ability to
prevent a second stroke, as well as recovery from the first one.
For now, he'd like to see more health care providers who
work with stroke survivors start incorporating questions about sleep patterns
into visits.
"We think of the traditional risk factors for having
another stroke or vascular event – hypertension, diabetes, cholesterol,
smoking. But most of us don't ask about sleep apnea," Khot said.
"Just simple questions about sleep. And if you have someone who has had a
stroke, consider a low threshold for sending them to a sleep center for
testing."
If you have questions or comments about this story, please
email editor@heart.org.
No comments:
Post a Comment